ʥ1,2 Y. Frank Cheng2 1 3 4 κ1 Ӣȫ1 3
1.йȫѧоԺ 2.ѧ 3.Ӧ 4.ʯȻ˾
ժҪΪЧƹܱܵӰ죬һܱܵ趨ܱعܵ⻮Ϊܵͨ滮ӦӦݷɹ涨ʵ¹ʺӰ췶Χ͵¹ʺֵľ趨ԭ㷽Լܿؽ飬ԱϹܵȫкܱȫ
ؼʣ֣ܵ趨ܵͨ滮ӦӦ
ܵΪԴĸٹ·ĿǰΪȫ;õ䷽ʽǣܵһʧЧ֡ը¹ʣܱ߹ȫɽΪصӰ졣ܵڵ£Ҵ罨滮ܽΪƵĵʩͬʱܱܵ˿ܶߵµȼߺߺӵȣӴ˹ܵзաˣоܱܵü֣ȡԴʩܿطգܵȫˮƽҪ֤
ൺ1122ʯܵй©ըرش¹ʣӳҹܱܵ滮⣺¹ʹܶνɳܱϡ٣¹ʱΪߺӦӦ;Ԯܴѣ¹ܵȫȫսһӴ
ôЭPLUS 663ܵù滮ط̺ܵӪָϡ2004ܵλΪͨд˿ܶʶӦӦ滮4ԸطȨ涨ܵϢ滮ϻᡶڷո֪ù滮;ܵȫƼ2010ȻܵҺֱܵ200 m200 m305 mѯ滮ͨ䲿ֹ滮ܵù滮Ϳʵ2015ܵΣֹ滮ֲᣬܵաԹܱܵΧֱ涨¹龰ǽ٣Դḻ־趨ֵԴϡȱĵ
лʯȻܵӱܵȫĽǶˡ5 mҪδù滮ӦԮȽǶȿֺڵǰܵ滮衢ٵսԼ¹ʷӳ⣬鼰[1-3]оܱܵ趨Ϊܵȫȫṩ֧֡
1 ܵȫٵͻ
1.1
ĿǰܵʧЧҪԭͼ 1Ϊ2016ȫ½ܵ¹ԭͳƣеռ¹38.7%2016721գijоԺڵʿУվվܵ©ɹܵͣ47Сʱһ͵ĵ¹[4]
ͼ 1 2016½ܵ¹ԭͳ
1.2 ظ滮ʹùܵõ
һЩط滮ܲظáܵõأ¹ܵռѹȫ벻أЩѧУԱܼռѹܵԹȫвൺ1122¹ʺȫչܵȫרŲΣŲ29436ռѹ11972ȫ벻9171ռ71.8%[5]
1.3 ܵȼ
ȼǹܵǿϵڷҼȹؼƵҪݡڹܱܵ˿ڷֲϡٵĵúٷչ滮أ˿ܶȾһΪļ[6,7]ʱܵͶУԭƵĹܵʡںضϷԸı䣬¹ܵƲ㰲ȫҪһ棬еҵڹܵѡ߹бȽӽʡͶʣδֿǹܵʧЧ¿ܱܶ߹ɵΣδ֤Աܼ⣬ɹܱܵսϸߡ
2 ܵ
عܵ·λΪܵͨ滮ӦӦͼ 2
ͼ 2 ܱܵ
2.1 ܵͨ
ΪֹھʩȻɹܵͬʱճѲάܵҪڹܵ·5 mΧõĿ
2.2 滮
ΪܵʧЧܵµ¹Ӱ죬ڹܵ·õġԿ˿ܶȺƹ滮ضͳΪĿĵ䷶Χǹܵ·30 m100 m
Զ¹ʺͶ۹ܵ¹ʺֵģ֪ܵ¹ʵ뾶Լ50 m100 m[8]Ʒܵ¹ʵ뾶Сܵڴ˾뷶Χ½ȺɢѵĽԱܼͽԼ¹ʵضܹʧЧ¿ɵĴģԱ½ܵڹ滮УܵҵӦ滮˵¹DZӰ룬ݴ˺ȷ滮Χ
2.3 ӦӦ
Ϊܵ¹ɵԱͲƲʧڹܵ·õҪȡӦʩƷܵȻܵӦӦС200 mڹй©ܱܽտռĹܶΣӦȷӦӦΧȷʱӦӦΧӦС2 kmܶεӦӦӦϹܶʵȷҪǵ¡
2.3.1 ¹ʺӰ췶Χȷ
1ݹܷܵ¹ʺӰ췶ΧȷӦӦ߽硣¹ʺӦǴ¹ʣҲӦ¹ʡ
2ۺϿǹܵͽʡѹܾвȹܱܵܵ¹ʺӰ췶ΧͶֽʵģѡȡ¹ʺĽʡ
3ܷ¹ʺģص¹ʺӰ췶Χ
4ݹܵ弰ֶܱμͻ֡
2.3.2
1˺ֵȷ¹ʺӰ췶Χܵȷ˺ֵȡ3 kW/m2ѹ˺ֵȡ2 kPa
2ͬһܵӦȷ˺ͳѹ˺ĸ¹ʺ
3ɲҵϿɵļģ͡㷽¹ʺӰ췶Χ[9,10]
2.3.3 迼ǵ¹ʳ
1ܵӦٿdzػ¹ʳ
2ܵӦٿƱը¹ʳ
2.3.4 й©й©
1ۺϷܵйԿϵͳй©λԼй©ضϷ̹߳ϵй©ʱȷй©ʡ
2ۺϷй©ʡй©ضϷ֮Ĺܴй©ضϷرʱ䡢ܵ߸̵߳ȷй©ܵй©ӦСڿй©ضϷ֮Ĺܴ
3Ӧǿܷй©زȷȷʱȡ10 minΪй©
2.3.5
1Һܵй©Χĵλй©ʵۼϴӰ죬ɸݵ״ԼԺȷҺСȣȱٺʵʱҺСȿȡֵ10 mm
2й©ʴڽܱտռʱӦܱտռй©Լڵܱտռڿܷ¹ʺ
3
3.1 ܵͨ
3.1.1 ܿص
1ľľࡢ«έӵȸϵֲܻʯɽΪصӦֲֹ3PEȻֲӰСڹܵϷֲֲӰܵάӦԮҲӦֲֹ
2ڹܵϷ߶ѷʹܵʱѹΣӰͨͬʱӰջߺͳͨмҵӦֹ
3.1.2 ʩ
1ڹܵͨʩʩӦǰԹܵλýвѯȷ[11,12]
2ȷϹܵλúʩӦܵҵЭȷʩҵǩܵȫЭ飬ֹܵʩ
3.2 滮
3.2.1 ܿص
1ҽԺжԺȺɢѵĽ;СѧУֳվ̳Աܼͽﲻ¹״̬µӦѶȣҲӹܱܵգӦֹ滮
2мվվޡȼױƷ洢ܵʧЧֱը¹ʱܻ¹ʣɸصĺӦֹ滮
3Ŀ滮ܵܵGB 32167D2015ܵԹ淶6.1涨ĢԱܼߺԱܼߺȼߡܵȼߣGB 50251D2015ܵƹ淶4.2.2Ӧϸơ
3.2.2 滮ƶ
1ƶ滮ӦȽܵ¹ʷʺͺضȡ
2滮ؽܵ·ܵʩľӦϹҷɷͼǿҪ
3滮ӦֿǶܵӰ죬ط뽨飬Ӧṫʾ
4ܵȹڹ滮ʱӦ֯ظݹҷɷ棬ЭƶѽŬͶԸӰ첢ϹܵȫеͬʱҲӦóɱ͡
3.3 ӦӦ
1ʶߺصԱܼȺɢĿķչͨչո֪ͰȫԾȽ·ߣӦʡ
2װй©λϵͳܵӦװй©ϵͳ
3ڶԹܵмͷۣʱȡʩ
4ھӦԮӦԤ
4
滮趨ΪӵҪԭǵǰҹáٷչ̼ӿ죬Դֵ߲ϡȱΧӰãͬʱҲ½ܵѡ·ɡֿ¹ʺӰ죬ϵʵʣȷΧΪܵȫкչ㰲ȫռ䣬ϸִСͨɷȷܱܵĻֺҪѽܵ½ܵطܲźܵҵӦʵȫκͰȫΣȷѽܵղߣ½ܵպɿء
οף
[1]˧.ܵ¹ʼʾ[J].ˣ201029(11)806-809.
[2]˧.ܵİȫϵо[J].ˣ200827(7)6-11.
[3]S. Girgin, E. Krausmann. Historical analysis of U.S. onshore hazardous liquid pipeline accidents triggered by natural hazards[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2016, 40: 578-590.
[4]ܵ˾ȫܵ ¹Ӱ[EB/OL]. 2016-07-22.
[5]ԺȫίԱ뿪չܵιս֪ͨ[EB/OL]. 2014-11-02.
[6]ܻӪѷ. ܵȼ빫ȫչܿ[J].ˣ201433(11)1164-1170.
[7].ܵ¹о[J].ˣ201736(4)369-374.
[8]Ф.ܿȻܵй©¹ʺֵģо[J].йȫѧ201511(4)77-83.
[9]CCPS. Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion Pressure Vessel Burst, BLEVE, and Flash Fire Hazards(second ed.) [M]. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2010.
[10]Roberto Bubbico. A statistical analysis of causes and consequences of the release of hazardous materials from pipelines. The influence of layout[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2018, 56: 458C466.
[11]ʥ.ܱܵھǰѯϵͳ̽[J].йȫѧ201713(10)80-85.
[12]ʥӢȫκ֮. ܵͼϵͳܹ̽[J].йȫѧ201612(11)12-18.
Ŀйѧ𡢹صзƻ⣨2016YFC0801500
飺ʥ19832012йҵѧʿѧλΪйȫѧоԺʦҪܵΣջѧƷȫоϵʽ010-84917513zhangsz@chinasafety.ac.cn
ԭĿڡйȫѧ2019151ڣתʱɾڡ
