泰国大象的保护和象牙的可持续利用
Oryx
(
IF
2.2
)
Pub Date : 2021-09-14
, DOI:
10.1017/s0030605321000077
Apinya Chaitae
1
,
Iain J. Gordon
2
,
Jane Addison
3
,
Helene Marsh
3
Affiliation
(* corresp) College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
亚洲象Elephas maximus对泰国人民具有文化意义。泰国大象法律保护的发展可以追溯到 17 世纪，反映了对人类生计和大象保护的关注。私人拥有的圈养大象的法律地位与野生个体不同，这会对合法使用圈养动物的象牙产生影响。2015 年之前，由于缺乏控制泰国象牙市场的综合措施，该国非法采购的象牙被洗钱。泰国政府于 2015 年进行了法律改革，对圈养亚洲象象牙的拥有和国内贸易实施严格控制，并将对非洲象及其象牙的保护与 CITES 规定保持一致。尽管如此，泰国象牙的可持续使用仍然存在争议，关闭国内象牙商业贸易的国际压力依然存在。在这里，我们回顾了这种复杂的情况，旨在为未来的改革提供信息。整合与大象和象牙相关的法律将有助于执法和合规。使用电子数据库将改善对象牙流动的监测，并有助于法律的实施和执法。
Protection of elephants and sustainable use of ivory in Thailand
The Asian elephant Elephas maximus is of cultural significance for the Thai people. The development of legal protection for elephants in Thailand dates back to the 17th century, reflecting concerns about both human livelihoods and elephant conservation. The legal status of privately owned, captive elephants differs from that of wild individuals, with consequences for the lawful use of ivory from captive animals. Prior to 2015, the lack of comprehensive measures to control the Thai ivory market enabled the laundering of illegally sourced ivory in the country. The Thai government introduced legal reforms in 2015, imposing strict controls over the possession and domestic trade of ivory from captive Asian elephants, and aligning the protection of African elephants and their ivory with CITES regulations. Nonetheless, the sustainable use of Thai ivory remains disputed, and international pressure to close the commercial trade in domestic ivory persists. Here we review this complex situation, aiming to inform future reforms. Consolidation of laws related to elephants and ivory would facilitate law enforcement and compliance. Use of an electronic database would improve the monitoring of ivory movements and aid the implementation and enforcement of laws.
